Learn the Real Cause of Acne
Understand Why We Get Acne
Identify Different Acne Lesions
for Treatment

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Is acne causing you a lot of problems?  

Take heart, there are things that you can do to prevent acne from affecting you, treat the acne that you
have on your face and take remedial actions against acne.  Below is an extract form the eBook The
Complete Guide to Acne - Prevention, Treatment and Remedies.  To learn more about acne, read on.

What is the Real Cause of Acne?

For most people, acne begins during adolescence. One of the main reasons is the excessive production of
sebum due to the higher levels of sex hormones in the body during puberty.

To understand the various factors which cause acne, we need a brief insight into the anatomy of the skin
surface; the hair follicles, as well as the production and role of sebum.

Here is some background before we get to the actual causes.

The Hair Follicle and the Sebaceous Glands

There are many hair follicles on our skin. The sebaceous glands (oil glands) exist near the surface of the
skin and open into the hair follicles. The oil, or sebum, which they produce constantly, enters the follicle.
This helps in protecting the skin from drying out.

Overproduction of sebum is a major factor in the development of acne. Before covering the various
causes of acne, here is information about the production, role and regulation of sebum.

Sebum

Sebum, an oily and complex mixture of lipids (a group of fats and similar compounds including waxes, oils,
sterols, triglycerides, phosphatides and phospholipids), is produced by the sebaceous glands.

Sebaceous glands exist over almost all of the body, but especially on the forehead, chin and back.

Cells in these glands disintegrate in about a week and produce sebum. The rate of production depends on
age and gender:

    1 Adult females produce less sebum than adult males
    2 Production of sebum increases almost five times in boys with the onset of puberty
    3 Sebum production declines significantly with age
    4 Production of sebum also falls steeply in women after menopause

Hormonal control of sebum

The sex hormones, or androgens, stimulate the cells in the sebaceous glands to produce sebum.

The testis in males, the ovaries in females and the adrenal glands produce these hormones.

The androgens that influence the production of sebum the most are:

    1 5-testosterone (DHT)
    2 5-androstene-317diol

Role of Sebum

Some of the functions of sebum are:

    1 It acts as a protective barrier against bacteria and fungi.
    2 It helps to reduce excessive water loss from the surface of the skin.

It is an environment that supports the bacteria Proprionibacterium acnes, which researchers believe may
play an important role in the regulation of the immune system.

With your new insight into the working of sebaceous glands and the production of sebum, you will
understand the factors that cause acne more easily.

Why Do We Get Acne?

Acne develops when the sebaceous glands in a person's skin start producing excessive levels of sebum.

This oil combines with the cells lining the walls of the glands and clog the skin's pores, plugging them. This
plug can enlarge and rupture the hair follicle, so that the follicle spills the oil and debris on to the skin. This
causes inflammation and swelling.

Various factors can cause an increase in the production of sebum, including:

Hormones: There is a sudden surge in the level of hormones at puberty. These hormones react with the
skin to form dihydrotestosterone, or DHT, which makes the sebaceous glands increase in size. It also
stimulates these glands to increase the production of sebum. The increase in sebum leads to the plugging of
hair follicles, which eventually leads to the development of acne.

Hormones in Women: At puberty, an increase in the production of estrogen results in menses.  The
menstrual cycle results from changes in the levels of estrogen. The severity of acne differs as she goes
through her monthly cycle.

Bacteria in acne: Propionibacterium acnes are bacteria found commonly on the surface of the skin, as
well as in pimples. With the onset of puberty, the bacteria increase. Other types of bacteria, such as
Proprionibacterium granulosum and Staphylococcus epidermidis can also be found at this time. It has been
found that people with an excessive production of sebum have more bacteria on their skin, but the link
between bacteria and acne has not been discovered yet.

Medications: Acne can sometimes occur as a reaction to a particular drug. This type of acne typically
clears up as soon as the medication is discontinued.

Pregnancy: Pregnant women usually develop acne, due to a rise in the levels of hormones in their body.
However, their acne clears up soon after the birth of the baby. Newborn babies have acne at times as
well. This can be due to the stress of birth or because some hormones from the mother may have
permeated the umbilical cord and passed to the baby.

Endocrine disorders: Less frequently, acne is found in young children and old people. This could be due
to a rare disorder of their endocrine system.

Genes: Researchers have found evidence that genes may play a vital role in causing acne. It has been
found that children whose parents had acne in their childhood are much more likely to develop acne. In
addition, the severity of their acne was similar to the severity of their parents' acne.

Hypersensitivity to P. acnes: Acne fulminans, an extremely severe form of acne, can be caused
due to a body’s hypersensitivity to the bacteria P. acnes.

Types of Acne Lesions

We often get confused with the terminology when we read about acne. For example, the different types of
lesions like papules, cysts and comedones or the meaning of the word lesion itself. These definitions
should help you in learning about your specific need for treatment.

Lesions- Any physical change in the body tissues caused by a disease or an injury is called a lesion. This
may be either external (like acne, skin cancer, or even a knife cut) or internal (like lung cancer or liver
cirrhosis). An acne lesion is a physical change caused by a diseased process in the sebaceous follicle.

Comedo lesions- Comedones (plural of comedo) are skin-colored, small bumps that are most commonly
found on the chin and forehead of those who suffer with acne. A comedo is a sebaceous follicle. Dead
cells from this follicle, sebum, tiny hairs and even small bacteria sometimes plug the sebaceous follicle. The
cells lining the sebaceous duct proliferate in acne (this is called cornification) and the result is formation of
a comedo.

Some are so small that they may not be visible to the naked eye; these are called ‘microcomedones.’ An
open comedo is called a blackhead because the surface of the plug appears black due to exposure to air.

A closed comedo that appears as a bump in the skin is called a whitehead. Whiteheads and blackheads
should only be extracted under sterile conditions by a qualified dermatologist. If whiteheads and
blackheads are squeezed or picked, staphylococci, streptococci and other skin bacteria could infect the
area.

Papule- A localized cellular reaction to acne produces a papule. It is a small, solid lesion elevated above
the surface of the skin. Although a group of papules and microcomedomes may be invisible to the naked
eye, they may give a ‘sandpaper’ feel to the touch.

Macule- A macule is a temporary red, or red-pink, spot that is left after the acne has healed. This has a
well-defined border and may stay for many days before disappearing.

Pustule- A pustule is a fragile, dome-shaped lesion that contains pus (white blood cells, bacteria and
dead cells). If a pustule does not worsen into a cyst, it does not leave a scar.

Cyst- A cyst is a severe form of acne, a sac-like lesion containing white blood cells, bacteria and dead
cells in a liquid or a semi-liquid form. This is inflammatory and may damage the deeper layers of the skin
and cause scarring. Treatments for this lesion are usually not very effective. It is usually very painful.

Nodule- A nodule is the most severe form of acne and sufferers should seek therapies like isotretitnoin. A
nodule is a solid, irregularly shaped lesion. It is inflammatory and may penetrate the deeper layers of the
skin, causing tissue destruction and scarring. A nodule is generally very painful.

A nodule and a cyst often occur together. That form of acne is called nodulocystic acne.
The above is an extract from the book "The Complete Guide to Acne Prevention, Treatment and
Remedies".  

The contents of the ebook are:

    1. Acne - An Overview
    2. What is Acne?
    3. Who Develops Acne?
    4. What is the Real Cause of Acne?
    5. Types of Acne Lesions
    6. Acne Scars and Stripes - Scarring in Acne
    7. Seborrhea Due to Hormonal Changes
    8. Factors Which Aggravate Acne
    9. Acne Vulgaris
    10. Acne Conglobata or Cystic Acne
    11. Severe Acne: Acne Fulminans or Acne Maligna
    12. Comedonal Acne
    13. Acne Keloidalis Nuchae
    14. Acne in Pregnancy
    15. Acne Excorie
    16. Newborn or Infantile Acne
    17. Acne Due to Medicines
    18. How to Diagnose Acne
    19. Ten Tips to Avoid Acne
    20. Useful Tips to Reduce Acne Naturally
    21. Tips to Avoid Worsening Acne
    22. Prevent or Cure Acne: Step One: Keeping Your Face Clean
    23. Prevent or Cure Acne: Step Two: Using Acne Face Creams
    24. Prevent or Cure Acne: Step Three: Relieving Your Constipation
    25. Prevent or Cure Acne: Step Four: Making Changes to Your Diet
    26. Prevent or Cure Acne: Step Five: Foods to Avoid
    27. Prevent or Cure Acne: Step Six: Using Essential Fatty Acid
    28. Prevent or Cure Acne: Step Seven: Using Fish Oil
    29. Prevent or Cure Acne: Step Eight: Juices You Should Be Drinking
    30. Prevent or Cure Acne: Step Nine: Fruits You Should Eat
    31. Prevent or Cure Acne: Step Ten: Vegetables to Eat
    32. Prevent or Cure Acne: Step Eleven: Eating Protein Rich Food
    33. Prevent or Cure Acne: Step Twelve: The Vitamins You Should Take
    34. Prevent or Cure Acne: Step Thirteen: Herbal Mixtures
    35. Prevent or Cure Acne: Step Fourteen: Changing Your Thinking
    36. The Psychosocial Impact of Acne
    37. Myths and Misinformation About Acne
    38. When to Seek Professional Help on Acne
    39. Tips for Clear, Beautiful Skin
    40. Acne Treatment
    41. Treatment of Mild Acne
    42. Treatment of Moderate Acne
    43. Treatment of Severe Acne
    44. The Powerful Effects of Accutane - The Risky Miracle Drug for Acne
    45. Budget Friendly Home Remedies for Acne

As you can see, you get these 45 Jam-packed Chapters Overflowing With Everything You Ever Wanted
to Know About Acne But Were Too Embarrassed to Ask!

The Complete Guide to Acne Prevention, Treatment and Remedies discusses the causes, treatments and
prevention strategies.  All of this is designed to help you deal with your Acne problem no matter what your
gender or age is at this time.  Best of all it is presented in plain English instead of “doctor speak!”

You can now really understand ACNE.  Knowledge is power.  

Once you are thoroughly educated about Acne you can begin the task of determining what type of Acne
you have (yes, there is more than one) and what steps will work best for your individual situation.  Why
should you have The Complete Guide to Acne Prevention, Treatment and Remedies?  These facts may
help to explain why.

Acne affects millions of people all over the world. The statistical distribution of the condition, by age and
gender is:

    1.   85% of adolescents and pre-adolescents are affected by acne.

    2.   The condition occurs on some children under 10 years of age.

    3.   Boys are more likely to have a severe form of the disease than teenage girls.

    4.   About 12% of women between 22 and 45 years of age are affected by acne.

    5.    About 3% of all men are affected during their adult life.

    6.    Women are more prone to acne during adulthood because of premenstrual hormonal changes
    as well as consistent use of cosmetics.

    7.    The incidences of acne reduce sharply only after the age of 45.

Now everyone can find the best treatments and precautions for acne of all types.  All you need to tap in to
this information is a genuine desire to take control of your Acne problem once and for all.

The good news is that we have the best source on the Internet for learning how to take control of the
disease and The Complete Guide to Acne Prevention, Treatment and Remedies does just that!  

Don’t get left behind.  Right now, this very minute take a walk to your mirror and take just one long look.  
If you are happy with what you see, then pass on this tool and we wish you a happy life.

However, if you see the vestiges of Acne and would like to do something about it, you need The
Complete Guide to Acne Prevention, Treatment and Remedies? With our money back guarantee you
have nothing to lose and everything to gain!  

We know you will love the results!

If you have read this far, it is very likely that acne is a great concern to you. I will make you a very special
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Enjoy the aroma of coffee and the flavor of chocolate - take charge and learn all you can about Acne that
affects many millions of people worldwide. You owe it to yourself to get rid of acne and the problems
acne is causing you.  Take action now.
Brought to you by Jacob Gan, PhD (Mich)