Understanding Acne Treatments
Mild Acne Treatment
Moderate Acne Treatment
Severe Acne Treatment

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Is acne causing you a lot of problems?  

Take heart, there are things that you can do to prevent acne from affecting you, treat the acne that you
have on your face (and sometimes on other parts of the body) and take remedial actions against acne.  
Below is an extract form the eBook The Complete Guide to Acne - Prevention, Treatment and
Remedies.  To learn more about acne treatment, read on.

Acne Treatment

The treatment of acne depends on the severity of it.

With mild acne, home care - including proper diet along with nonprescription products – is often
successful in controlling the disease.

In more severe cases, it is essential to seek the help of a qualified health care practitioner.

The following table shows some of the medical options used to treat acne, according to the severity of
the case:

Mild acne

    - Benzoyl peroxide
    - Azelaic acid
    - Topical Retinoids

Moderate acne

    - Antibiotics
    - Hormonal treatment

Severe acne

    - Isotretinoin
    - Surgery

Treatment of Mild Acne

Mild acne can often be successfully treated with over-the-counter products such as mild washes, soaps,
lotions and gels. Other mild medications include –

1. Benzoyl peroxide

Benzoyl peroxide is an extremely mild topical medication, and is used commonly to treat acne.

Studies have proven that it is safe for adults and children as well as pregnant women.

The properties that make benzoyl peroxide useful in treating the condition are –

  1. It is an antiseptic: The product acts on the skin surface, reducing the number of bacteria and
    yeasts. It has the edge on antibiotics in that it doesn’t cause bacterial resistance to develop. It may
    actually reverse any resistance built up due to prior medications.
  2. Acts as an oxidizing agent: Benzoyl peroxide is comedolytic; it reduces the number of
    comedones on the skin’s surface.
  3. It is an anti-inflammatory: Benzoyl peroxide is available as a non-prescription product in the
    form of creams or gels. It can be combined with other topical drugs as well.

Possible problems with benzoyl peroxide products:

    Mild skin irritation, including redness, dryness, and itching of treated area.

2. Azelaic acid

Azelaic acid is found naturally, as the by-product of the yeast (Pityrosporum ovale) living on healthy skin.
It is available as a non-prescription drug, either as a gel or as a cream. It is applied directly to the skin,
and it acts by exfoliating dead cells from the skin, thus preventing the clogging of pores.

3. Topical Retinoids

Retin-A (Tretinoin): This is a derivative of vitamin A. It helps by reducing inflammation, fighting bacteria
and opening blocked pores. It comes in the form of a cream or a gel, and is applied directly to the
affected area.

Caution: Retin-A (Tretinoin) can cause peeling of the skin, causing photosensitivity, irritation
and redness.

Adapalene: This is a topical retinoid closely related to Retin-A. However, it is much milder than
Retin-A and may cause less skin irritation.


Treatment of Moderate Acne

If acne does not improve with home care (proper hygiene, diet, sleep, exercise and mild topical
medication), the patient should seek medical help. In moderate acne, oral antibiotics, topical antibiotics
and hormonal therapies are the three most commonly prescribed treatments.

1. Antibiotics

Antibiotics are anti-inflammatory in action. They act on the skin by reducing the number of bacteria in the
hair follicles and on the skin surface.

Topical antibiotics

The most commonly prescribed topical antibiotics are -

    1 Erythromycin
    2 Clindamycin

Side effects of Topical Antibiotics

    1 Contact dermatitis
    2 Mild irritation of the skin
    3 Dryness in and around the area treated

Bacterial resistance due to infrequent use of antibiotics. To lessen resistance, the antibiotic should be
applied twice a day, and may be combined with benzoyl peroxide, subject to the advice of your medical
professional.

Oral antibiotics

The oral antibiotics most commonly prescribed for acne include -

    1 Tetracycline
    2 Erythromycin

Side effects

    1 The patient can be allergic to the antibiotics in rare cases.
    2 Photosensitivity can occur.
    3 Nausea, diarrhea and gastrointestinal irritation
    4 Women can get vaginal thrush/yeast infection.
    5 One of the most severe side-effects of antibiotics is bacterial resistance

2. Hormonal Therapies

Androgenic, or male hormones such as testosterone, affect the sebaceous follicles and stimulate them to
produce excessive sebum. Hormonal therapy is aimed at blocking the effect of androgens. This therapy is
an option for women whose acne does not respond to other medication.

The options available in hormonal therapy are –

Estrogen: Estrogen is the female hormone. Estrogen may counter the effects of androgens and hence
decrease sebum production. Sometimes, doctors prescribe estrogen alone. Then, the patient should be
closely monitored throughout the treatment period, as estrogen can affect the physiology of the body in
various ways.

Estrogen-containing oral contraceptives: Oral contraceptives that have estrogen as one of their
constituent hormones are the most commonly prescribed. They do not have as many side effects as
estrogen alone, because the other hormones in the contraceptives balance its effects. However, women
still need to be monitored for possible side effects such as menstrual spotting, tenderness in breasts and
weight gain.

Treatment of Severe Acne

If there are more than ten lesions on any single part of your body, your acne is considered to be severe.
The options to treat severe acne include the use of isotretinoin, accutane and surgery.

1. Isotretinoin

Isotretinoin is a retinoid derived from vitamin-A, and is extremely effective in treating severe acne. It helps
to normalize exfoliation of skin cells in hair follicles affected by acne. It is a very potent drug, and patients
taking it should be constantly monitored for side effects. Patients should ask their dermatologists about
the medicine before beginning treatment. They should also know that only 50% of patients are completely
cured by this drug. Many people experience relapses after a few years. In such a case, the same
treatment needs to be done once more.

Isotretinoin may be useful in the following conditions –

    1 Acne fulminans
    2 Acne conglobata
    3 Severe acne vulgaris
    4 Recurring acne
    5 Nodular acne
    6 Acne which results in scarring
    7 When the acne has a severe psycho-social affect on the patient’s life

Properties of isotretinoin

    1 Isotretinoin shrinks the sebaceous glands, thereby reducing sebum production.
    2 It is an anti-inflammatory
    3 It inhibits the growth of bacteria as it keeps the skin dry
    4 It removes comedones and prevents the formation of new ones.

Side Effects and Precautions

Isotretinoin is a strong drug, and has several side affects. Some of these are:

    1 It makes the acne flare-up before it starts to heal
    2 All patients get dry and cracked lips
    3 Dry, sore and red eyes
    4 Risk of conjunctivitis
    5 Dry and itchy skin
    6 Nosebleeds in some people
    7 Mild headaches occur in a percentage of people.
    8 Severe headaches and blurred vision occur rarely, but if they do, the patient should contact the
    dermatologist immediately.
    9 Heavier and irregular menstrual periods

Some important precautions to be kept in mind are:

    • Isotretinoin should not be taken with tetracyclines.
    • Isotretinoin should not be taken with Vitamin-A.
    • Pregnant and lactating mothers must not take this drug.

Monitoring the Patients

Patients taking isotretinoin need to be constantly monitored. Some of the tests they should undergo often
are -

    1 Blood tests to check for triglycerides and cholesterol levels
    2 Total blood count
    3 Pregnancy test
    4 Liver function tests

2. Accutane

Accutane is an extremely potent form of isotretinoin, and is used only for very severe acne. It works by
reducing the number of bacteria on the surface of the skin, reducing the level of sebum and unclogging
blocked pores. However, it has strong side effects such as behavioral changes and severe depression.
Women trying to start a family, already pregnant or lactating should not take accutane.

3. Corticosteroids

These are very powerful anti-inflammation drugs used to treat severe acne. When given in low doses,
they help to stop the excessive secretion of androgens. However, corticosteroids can trigger steroid acne
when used for a long time. So, they should not be taken over a long period.

4. Surgery

Surgery is required in cases of acne that does not respond well to other treatment, and in cases of severe
scarring. The various surgical options include –

Comedo extraction: When comedones have not responded to any treatment, a dermatologist can
extract them surgically.

Ultraviolet light therapy: This therapy is used more as a cosmetic treatment than a cure. Ultraviolet
light merely helps tan the skin, thereby masking some scars. However, tanning may increase the risk of
skin disorders. If your dermatologist recommends this course of action, and you are concerned about the
risk, let him/her know.

Chemical Peels: This therapy is used by a dermatologist to decrease the number of papules and to
remove blackheads by applying chemical peels containing glycolic acid.

Dermabrasion for acne: Dermabrasion is used to smooth out scars near the surface of the skin.

The procedure is carried out as follows:

    1 The affected skin is numbed
    2 It is then frozen by applying either liquid nitrogen or Freon
    3 This skin is then removed carefully
    4 The skin bleeds during the procedure, so the affected skin is bandaged after the treatment

The effects of the procedure can be seen after a week, when the skin starts looking smooth and shiny.
However, dermabrasion can lead to discoloration of the skin. To prevent this, patients should avoid going
out in the sun for at least 2 months after the treatment has been performed.

Collagen injections and gelatin implants for acne: Collagen injections and gelatin implants are
commonly used to treat acne scars. They are injected directly into the scars, and help to smooth out the
skin in the scarred area by raising the level of skin underneath the scar. The side effects of this therapy are
few and not very serious. Injections may cause itching, redness and swelling of skin. The skin under the
scar might harden due to gelatin implants.

Cryotherapy for acne: In Cryotherapy, dermatologists apply solid carbon dioxide or liquid nitrogen to
bring down the temperature of a person’s skin. This causes the outer layer of the skin to peel away,
which removes the comedones as well. Cryotherapy has few side effects, which include redness, itching
and stinging of the skin.
The above is a short extract from the book "The Complete Guide to Acne Prevention, Treatment
and Remedies".  

The contents of the ebook are:

    1. Acne - An Overview
    2. What is Acne?
    3. Who Develops Acne?
    4. What is the Real Cause of Acne?
    5. Types of Acne Lesions
    6. Acne Scars and Stripes - Scarring in Acne
    7. Seborrhea Due to Hormonal Changes
    8. Factors Which Aggravate Acne
    9. Acne Vulgaris
    10. Acne Conglobata or Cystic Acne
    11. Severe Acne: Acne Fulminans or Acne Maligna
    12. Comedonal Acne
    13. Acne Keloidalis Nuchae
    14. Acne in Pregnancy
    15. Acne Excorie
    16. Newborn or Infantile Acne
    17. Acne Due to Medicines
    18. How to Diagnose Acne
    19. Ten Tips to Avoid Acne
    20. Useful Tips to Reduce Acne Naturally
    21. Tips to Avoid Worsening Acne
    22. Prevent or Cure Acne: Step One: Keeping Your Face Clean
    23. Prevent or Cure Acne: Step Two: Using Acne Face Creams
    24. Prevent or Cure Acne: Step Three: Relieving Your Constipation
    25. Prevent or Cure Acne: Step Four: Making Changes to Your Diet
    26. Prevent or Cure Acne: Step Five: Foods to Avoid
    27. Prevent or Cure Acne: Step Six: Using Essential Fatty Acid
    28. Prevent or Cure Acne: Step Seven: Using Fish Oil
    29. Prevent or Cure Acne: Step Eight: Juices You Should Be Drinking
    30. Prevent or Cure Acne: Step Nine: Fruits You Should Eat
    31. Prevent or Cure Acne: Step Ten: Vegetables to Eat
    32. Prevent or Cure Acne: Step Eleven: Eating Protein Rich Food
    33. Prevent or Cure Acne: Step Twelve: The Vitamins You Should Take
    34. Prevent or Cure Acne: Step Thirteen: Herbal Mixtures
    35. Prevent or Cure Acne: Step Fourteen: Changing Your Thinking
    36. The Psychosocial Impact of Acne
    37. Myths and Misinformation About Acne
    38. When to Seek Professional Help on Acne
    39. Tips for Clear, Beautiful Skin
    40. Acne Treatment
    41. Treatment of Mild Acne
    42. Treatment of Moderate Acne
    43. Treatment of Severe Acne
    44. The Powerful Effects of Accutane - The Risky Miracle Drug for Acne
    45. Budget Friendly Home Remedies for Acne

As you can see, you get these 45 Jam-packed Chapters Overflowing With Everything You Ever Wanted
to Know About Acne But Were Too Embarrassed to Ask!

The Complete Guide to Acne Prevention, Treatment and Remedies discusses the causes, treatments and
prevention strategies.  All of this is designed to help you deal with your Acne problem no matter what
your gender or age is at this time.  Best of all it is presented in plain English instead of “doctor speak!”

You can now really understand ACNE.  Knowledge is power.  

Once you are thoroughly educated about Acne you can begin the task of determining what type of Acne
you have (yes, there is more than one) and what steps will work best for your individual situation.  Why
should you have The Complete Guide to Acne Prevention, Treatment and Remedies?  These facts may
help to explain why.

Acne affects millions of people all over the world. The statistical distribution of the condition, by age and
gender is:

    1.   85% of adolescents and pre-adolescents are affected by acne.

    2.   The condition occurs on some children under 10 years of age.

    3.   Boys are more likely to have a severe form of the disease than teenage girls.

    4.   About 12% of women between 22 and 45 years of age are affected by acne.

    5.    About 3% of all men are affected during their adult life.

    6.    Women are more prone to acne during adulthood because of premenstrual hormonal changes
    as well as consistent use of cosmetics.

    7.    The incidences of acne reduce sharply only after the age of 45.

Now everyone can find the best treatments and precautions for acne of all types.  All you need to tap in
to this information is a genuine desire to take control of your Acne problem once and for all.

The good news is that we have the best source on the Internet for learning how to take control of the
disease and The Complete Guide to Acne Prevention, Treatment and Remedies does just that!  

Don’t get left behind.  Right now, this very minute take a walk to your mirror and take just one long
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Enjoy the aroma of coffee and the flavor of chocolate - take charge and learn all you can about Acne that
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Brought to you by Jacob Gan, PhD (Mich)